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Climate Detectives Projects 2023-2024

Project title: Factors affecting air quality: Impacts on human health.

Fryganiotis Private School   Thessaloniki   Greece

Research question

What factors influence the quality of air? How does it impact human health?

Summary of the project

Our investigation was centered around the measurement of atmospheric gases in the urban area of Thessaloniki, Greece, employing the Arduino DGS-SO2 sensor. Our primary goal was to delve into how short-term exposure to atmospheric pollution might impact human health, notably by triggering cardiovascular and cerebrovascular incidents. With the specific sensor, we quantified the levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) across two distinct time periods. In tandem, we leveraged data from the EO Browser to glean insights into ozone concentrations in the broader Thessaloniki area during the time spans of (04/01-1/01) and (04/02-11/02). Additionally, we tapped into satellite-generated maps showcasing sulfur dioxide (SO2) and PM10 particle concentrations in the atmosphere, courtesy of the National Meteorological Service (ΕΜ΄), the European Space Agency (ESA), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administraion (NOAA). This comparison aimed to pinpoint which of the two temporal segments witnessed elevated levels of air pollutants, surpassing normal thresholds. Furthermore, our time frame selection allowed us to access medical records from Thessaloniki hospitals after two months. This enabled us to monitor the escalation of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular incidents associated with atmospheric pollution. Last but not least, we cross-referenced our findings with a study conducted by students at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Their decade-long investigation into air pollutant rates provided valuable insights into how escalating pollution levels exacerbate the aforementioned health issues.

Main results and Conclusions

What factors influence the quality of air? How does it impact human health?

Through our conducted experiments, we have solidified our hypothesis, affirming that the concentration of air pollutants notably influences the onset of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular episodes. This affirmation stems from comprehensive observations gathered not only from the meteorological stations of the National Meteorological Service (E.M.Y.), the satellite maps provided by the European Space Agency (E.S.A.) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administraion (NOAA), but also directly from the sensor data and the medical records furnished by hospitals. During the temporal window of January, characterized by elevated air pollutant levels, we observed significant variations. Specifically, there was a 7% and 9% deviation in ozone and PM10 particle concentrations, respectively, compared to baseline levels. Subsequently, in February, these pollutants exhibited a 3% and 4% increase, respectively. Medical records revealed a notable 4.7% surge in incidents linked to atmospheric pollution during the period spanning from 04/01 to 11/01. Similarly, during the period from 04/02 to 11/02, a 2.2% rise was observed. Furthermore, a correlation emerged, indicating a 4% increase in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular episodes concerning the corresponding concentrations of ozone and PM10 particles. This increase in incidents was predominantly attributed to heightened traffic congestion experienced during January and February due to ongoing public works on the peripheral road.Lastly, our meticulous examination, both of our acquired data and that of the university’s research, underscored the marginal impact of other air pollutants on health. Thus, it was deduced that atmospheric pollution emerges as a pivotal factor contributing to the exacerbation of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular incidents.

What’s Next? Actions to make a difference and help lessen the problem

Recognizing the harmful and detrimental impact of gaseous pollutants both on public health and the environment, our team is dedicated to advocating for actionable solutions to mitigate this pressing issue. Our mission revolves around promoting simple yet effective lifestyle changes aimed at reducing harmful emissions and improving air quality.
Central to our efforts is the widespread adoption of catalytic converters in automobiles. These devices play a crucial role in transforming the most noxious elements present in exhaust fumes into inert or less harmful compounds, thereby significantly mitigating air pollution levels. Additionally, integrating Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR), an advanced emission control technology system, could significantly bolster our endeavors to combat this issue. By effectively minimizing NO emissions, SCR facilitates the breakdown of these compounds into benign byproducts such as nitrogen and water vapor, thereby markedly reducing the harmful impact on air quality..
Embracing energy-efficient vehicles and prioritizing Mass Transportation offer tangible pathways towards cleaner air. By encouraging the use of public transportation systems, we can alleviate traffic congestion and reduce overall emissions..
Moreover, we’re committed to raising awareness about the health risks associated with air pollution. Through informative events and seminars, individuals will be empowered with comprehensive knowledge and practical strategies to minimize their exposure to atmospheric pollutants.
These gatherings will not only serve as platforms for education but also as practical workshops. Attendees will learn actionable steps to protect themselves from the harmful effects of air pollution, ensuring their well-being amidst environmental challenges.
Last but not least, tree planting initiatives and the expansion of green spaces in urban areas are vital components of our mission. Trees play a crucial role in absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen, effectively mitigating air pollution while enhancing overall air quality. By fostering the growth of greenery within urban landscapes, we can create a more sustainable and healthier environment for present and future generations.

Projects are created by the teams and they take the full responsibility of the shared data.
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